How to ride the Iron Ore Train in Mauritania [Ultimate Guide]

How to ride the Iron Ore Train in Mauritania

You’ve probably seen the epic videos online about the Iron Ore Train in Mauritania. Travellers sitting on top of endless iron ore wagons, cruising through the Sahara as the sun rises over the desert.

That’s the legendary Mauritania Iron Ore Train – the longest (and so-called most dangerous) train in the world, which runs more than 700km between the mining town of Zouerat and the coastal city of Nouadhibou.

And yes… you really can ride it!

But what those videos don’t always show is the reality of the experience. The journey is dusty, uncomfortable, and unpredictable. You’ll arrive covered in iron ore dust, freeze at night, and wonder at several points whether the train is actually going to move at all.

That said, riding the train is easily one of the most memorable travel experiences I’ve ever had.

In this guide, I’ll show you exactly how to ride the Iron Ore Train independently and the easiest way to do it! This includes where to board, what the journey is actually like, and a few tips that will make the experience a lot easier.

What is the Iron Ore Train in Mauritania?

The Mauritania Iron Ore Train is one of the most unusual train journeys in the world. Operated by the mining company SNIM, the train carries iron ore from the mines deep in the Sahara to the Atlantic coast.

It’s not technically a tourist attraction. It’s a heavy industrial freight train designed to move enormous quantities of iron ore across the desert. The train can stretch for more than 2.5 kilometres, with over 200 wagons loaded with iron ore!

Despite this, it’s become something of a legend among adventurous travellers. For years, backpackers have been hopping into the open ore wagons and riding across the desert alongside locals who use the train as a form of transport between remote towns.

Whilst originally frowned upon by local authorities, riding the iron ore train became officially illegal in 2024. But nothing has really changed because of this – tour operators continue to run and people still ride.

Where is the Iron Ore Train (Route)

The Mauritania Iron Ore Train runs across northern Mauritania, within touching distance of the border with Western Sahara (Morocco).

The iron ore is transported roughly 700km across the Sahara Desert from the mining town of Zouerat to Nouadhibou – the Atlantic port city where it is then exported around the world! This full journey takes around 18-20 hours!

Along the way, the train rolls through empty desert, rocky plateaus and vast stretches where there is nothing but sand and sky.

There are a few small desert settlements – the most important one for travellers is Choum. This quiet railway town has become the most popular place to board the train, as it’s easier and more relaxed than trying to catch it at the main rail yard. The Choum to Nouadhibou stretch is a bit shorter, taking 12-16 hours depending on stops.

The map below shows the full Iron Ore train route including the 4 potential boarding points.

Where to board the Iron Ore Train?

There are several places to board the Iron Ore Train in Mauritania: Choum, Zouerat, Fderik or Nouadhibou.

All these options work, but each have their benefits and pitfalls depending what you’re looking for. Most travellers choose Choum – which is what I did!

Here’s a breakdown of each boarding points for: how long you’ll spend on the train, how likely checks/security are, and what’s in the carriage (iron ore or nothing).

Boarding in Choum (my choice):

Choum is a small desert railway town about halfway along the route between Zouerat to Nouadhibou. It has no large rail yard which means less security. Plus the train stops for long enough meaning you can easily climb into the ore wagons.

It’s long enough to experience the adventure, but not quite as extreme as the full journey.

It’s best for travellers looking to ride the iron ore independently, as it’s the easiest option. It’s simpler, more predictable and the journey length is manageable.

Hence, my step-by-step guide (down below) focuses on how to ride the train from Choum to Nouadhibou.

Boarding in Nouadhibou

Nouadhibou is where the train unloads its iron ore at the port before returning inland.

Boarding here is a bit more complicated. The rail yard is large, trains can be harder to locate, and security can occasionally ask questions.

That said, some travellers prefer starting here because it allows you to ride towards the interior of the Sahara rather than the coast, so it can make more sense for your Mauritania route.

It’s best for travellers following a route coming south from Morocco. Or anyone looking to ride the train in both directions. Nowadays it’s probably the second most popular option.

Boarding in Zouerat or Fderik

Starting the journey in Zouerat or Fderik means riding almost the entire length of the train route.

This can be an incredible experience, but it’s also a much longer and tougher journey.

You’ll spend closer to 18–20 hours on the train. Boarding in Zouerat may involve navigating mining areas or rail yards with staff as it’s the official start. I’ve heard of a few people being caught and bribes required… Fderik, located just up the road, is an easier jump-on point.

To board in Fderik, go to the main town of Zouerat, then ask a taxi to take you to the drop off point (most drivers know it).

These options are best for travellers who want the full experience and those seeking sunrise and sunset!

Step-by-step: How to ride the Iron Ore Train from Choum

Riding the Iron Ore Train from Choum to Nouadhibou is surprisingly simple, but it helps to know what to expect. Here’s how the process usually works:

NOTE: Boarding the iron ore train is largely similar wherever you hop on (i.e. wait somewhere secluded and then climb on when it stops).

1. Arrive in Choum

Most travellers reach Choum by bush taxi from Atar (~3 hours) or occasionally from Nouakchott (via Atar).

If you’re missing anything, pick up any last-minute supplies in Atar as Choum doesn’t have much. This small town is just a scattering of houses, a few small shops, and the railway line cutting through the desert.

Plan to arrive a few hours before the train, as departure times can vary.

2. Wait for the train

Find somewhere out-of-sight to wait (near the tracks) until locals start preparing to board. I opted to stay at my accommodation (Auberge de Choum Guesthouse), who helped with boarding.

Since there is no fixed passenger schedule for the train you have to be ready. Be prepared to wait as delays are common!

Locals often know roughly when it’s expected. However, our Auberge owner (who we nicknamed ‘the Wizard’ had contacts to stay up to date.

You’ll eventually hear the train before you see it – the deep rumble of locomotives approaching across the desert. This is when the nerves disappear and excitement truly kicks in!

The train slows as it passes through Choum, and you can begin climbing onto the wagons. The ladders are on the right-hand side of the wagons, so make sure to wait on the right side of the tracks.

Honestly, figuring out how to board the iron ore train is what stressed me out the most in advance… but it was honestly as simple as climbing up a ladder when nobody was around!

3. Climb into an ore wagon

When the train comes to a halt, you can choose your wagon and climb up. The wagons are enormous metal containers filled with iron ore dust.

Select a wagon which has a reasonable amount of iron ore in, but not too much. You should have space to put your bags and hide out of sight in the corners.

NOTE: If you’re coming from Nouadhibou, the cabins will be empty so this doesn’t apply.

If there’s a group of you, get one person to climb up and decide whether it’s a good cabin. If so, pass all your belongings and supplies up. Try to keep any torch lights off if you’re boarding at night.

Get comfortable, get down and wait for the train to pull away.

4. Ride the Iron Ore Train

Once the train starts moving again, you’re committed. There are no facilities, no lights, and no protection from the elements for your journey!

Wait a few minutes after the train pulls away before moving around as there’s less risk of being spotted.

The ride from Choum to Nouadhibou usually takes 12-13 hours (if there are no delays). Most people board early evening or night time meaning they travel overnight.

You can either watch the stars or fall asleep if you can, though the train is very loud and jolty! Most travellers sit or lie on a mat, sleeping bag, or backpack to get comfortable.

It gets COLD at night! My blanket from Atar and layers from home came in clutch!

Then, the highlight of the journey as the sun rises over the Sahara!

From here onwards, you’ll see sunny desert landscapes until Nouadhibou. I enjoyed the day time almost as much as golden hour, as it really showed the extent of the desert and how barren it is! You’ll see camels, bedouins, small towns and a few trees; plus the occassional train going the other direction.

TOP TIP: Stay down if you see any military standings (there are a few between Ben Amera and Bon Lanaur). Some smaller towns you can stay in sight as they’re largely deserted. Especially if it’s daytime and you can assess the situation. I guess this depends on your risk tolerance.

To pass the time on the train, we chatted, took photos, listened to music and watched the scenery go by! A few of us even napped because we were so exhausted!

Try to stay covered up as there is no shade on the train! Despite having all my layers on, I surprisingly didn’t overheat because of the breeze (this was in February).

By the end, you’ll be absolutely covered in iron ore dust and ready to jump off. I loved the experience, but the last hour dragged (I can’t imagine riding all the way from Zouerat!)

Jump off in Nouadhibou

If you’re wondering exactly how to get off the Iron Ore Train, don’t worry, it’s pretty easy!

As you turn away from the Morocco border and head south towards Nouadhibou, you’ll begin following the main road on your left.

The train gradually slows down from the outskirts of Nouadhibou and as it approaches the unloading yards.

Locals usually start climbing down before the train fully stops. But from my experience, you can wait until it completely stops – you’ll see a load of taxis parked up and driving alongside, racing for business. It’s pretty clear when to climb down.

From here, you can negotiate a taxi into town, find a place to shower, and marvel at the fact you just rode ‘the most dangerous train in the world’ across the Sahara.

TOP TIP: Since delays are common and unpredictable, try to avoid planning anything straight after you’re due to arrive.

Passenger Carriage vs Iron Ore Wagon

If you’re not feeling so adventurous, or simply don’t want a crazy night surrounded by iron ore (which is perfectly reasonable), you can opt for the passenger carriage instead.

The carriage is located at the very back of the iron ore train, meaning you can see the full length of the train.

You’ll still get the views, but you won’t get the iron in your lungs (or the lore).

Whilst there are four iron ore trains per day (in each direction), only one of these has a passenger carriage.

Board the passenger carriage in Zouerat – you can book at the station (I haven’t found anywhere you can do it online).

Be prepared for the carriage to be packed and uncomfortable (though not as uncomfortable as being on the top)! However, you are likely to have interactions with local Mauritanian people.

FAQs

How long does the Iron Ore Train take?

The iron ore train in Mauritania takes anywhere between 12 and 24 hours depending on where you get on and any delays.

• Choum-Nouadhibou: 12-13 hours without delays
• Zouerat-Nouadhibou: 18-20 hours without delays

What is the timetable for the Iron Ore train?

There is no official timetable for the iron ore train in Mauritania.

That being said, it does ride every single day of the year (even on holidays).

What to wear for the iron ore train?

In short, I’d recommend warm and protective clothes… I’ve written a separate article outlining everything you need to pack for the iron ore train here.

But the essentials are:

• Ski goggles (or other eye protection): sunglasses aren’t enough as the iron ore gets everywhere!
• Facemask: Needed to keep out the toxic iron.
• Warm clothes: Multiple layers top and bottom, plus gloves were essential. Basically dress for a cold winter.
• Water and snacks: Bring enough for 24 hours. Biscuits and protein bars are particularly easy to eat.
• Wet wipes: Super needed so you can clean up once you’re off.

Which cabins to pick on the iron ore train?

Personally, I think the front of the train is better. Trains from Choum, Fderik and Zouerat (towards Nouabhidou) will have the sun rising behind, and the sun setting in front. Therefore, sitting at the front means you can watch the sun rise behind you and the full length of the train.

It’s also the furthest from the passenger cabin so whenever you stop for a passenger stop, you’re a distance from the town (and usually more out of sight).

Some people choose one of the wagons closer to the back of the train, where there’s apparently less dust blowing from the locomotive and fewer workers moving between cars. This is also where many locals tend to sit for the journey.

Largely, the cabin location doesn’t matter too much as long as you choose one which isn’t completely overloaded. You want space to sit down in the corners and side of the cabin.

If possible, choose a cabin with soft iron ore powder since this is much more comfortable to sit and sleep on during the journey.

Tips for riding the Iron Ore train

Here are a few things I’m glad I did (or wish I knew) for the iron ore train.

• Sellotape your phone: Before you set off, sellotape the underside of your phone so the magnetic iron doesn’t get stuck in your charging port (it’s hard to remove).
• Have a toilet corner: Designate one corner of the wagon for going to the toilet. Do not go off the edge of the train as it can be jolty.
• Avoid the dust: Go near the front of the train as there’s often less dust and ore flying around; plus try to not go behind a super full carriage. If there is a lot in the air, seek cover behind the metal cabin.
• Buy supplies in Atar: I bought a cheap extra blanket that I couldn’t fit in my holdall for the flight. Plus we topped up on snacks.
• Sturdy bin bags: Cover your main bags with a bag. Flimsy bin bags will rip or blow around in the wind. We bought some cheap covers in Atar (for like £0.10), which were a good tight fit around the bag.
• Use trusted local help: Whether you go with a tour or independently, riding the iron ore train is so much easier with local knowledge. My accommodation in Nouakchott and Choum were so useful!
• Wet wipes are your best friend: No matter how well you cover up, you’ll be covered in ore (see below). Use wet wipes to quickly clean up before arriving at your accommodation.
• Plan a rest-day afterwards: Delays are common and the train will leave you tired. You don’t want transport booked immediately afterwards – trust me!

What happens if you’re caught?

Firstly, the aim of the game is obviously to not get caught! This guide on how to ride the iron ore train in Mauritania helps you do this to the best of my ability. But you can never be certain!

If someone catches you on the iron ore train, there are many possibilities for what could happen. Particularly since it was made illegal in 2024.

There are officials and non-officials who might spot you.

Non-official people might threaten to expose you to authorities, or demand money. Thankfully with the length of the train, they’re unlikely to be able to notify the driver before it moves on.

The main issue is when the authorities catch you. The biggest risk of this is by taking the train all the way to the port where SNIM export the iron. There’s a smaller (but still real) risk from military or train staff running checks on the route.

Whilst it is illegal and apparently can be punishable by fines, detention or legal action. The most common outcome for foreigners doing the iron ore train is a fine (or bribe, depending on how official the stop is).

Best time to do the Iron Ore Train

You can technically ride the Mauritania Iron Ore Train at any time of year, but some months are much more comfortable than others.

• November to February (Best Time):
  • The cooler winter months are generally the best time to ride the train. Night-time temperatures in the Sahara are far more manageable, which makes a huge difference when you’re sitting in an open iron ore carriage for 12+ hours.
  • It still get cold overnight in the desert, so you’ll want warm layers, but overall the conditions are much more pleasant than during the hotter months.
  • For most travellers, December to February offers the best balance of comfortable temperatures and clear desert skies.
• March to May & October (Still Good)
  • These shoulder months are also good times to do the journey. Temperatures are warmer than winter but usually still manageable at night.
  • Just be prepared for more heat and dust, especially when waiting around for the train to arrive.
• June to September (Very Hot)
  • Summer in the Sahara can be extremely hot, and doing the journey during this period can be uncomfortable. Even though most of the ride happens overnight, temperatures can still stay high, and the metal wagons absorb a lot of heat during the day.
  • If you do travel during these months, be sure to bring plenty of water, sun protection, and a good scarf or face covering for the dust.

Ramadan

Since Mauritania is a Muslim country, it’s worth mentioning Ramadan. Exact dates change each year (so you should check these), but in recent years it’s been around February.

Riding the train during Ramadan is still possible, but food options and shops may be more limited during the daytime. If you decide to go during Ramadan, buy plenty of snacks and drinks when you can. I’d personally try to avoid it if you can, as it just makes your time in Mauritania slightly more difficult.

Where to stay when doing the Iron Ore Train

When you’re riding the iron ore train in Mauritania, you’ll likely be spending the night-time hours onboard. Probably not getting a good sleep!

• Choum: Stay at Auberge de Choum Guesthouse. The owner is super helpful with organising the train, plus they offer great dinner!
• Zouerat: Not so many good options here, but Hotel Mama Zouerate is one of the best. Helpful owner and clean, only issue is slightly further out but you can organise transport to the train.
• Nouadhibou: Stay in Hotel Nakhil. This is one of the nicest accommodations in what is otherwise a miserable city (opinion). This hotel is a great place to freshen up and get some rest post-train.

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